Journal of the Islamic Researches and Studies Center

من دقائقِ البيان في ضوءِ إعجاز القرآن بين اللفظ والمعنى

وسن محمود لطيف — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 11:00:30 +0000

Abstract

Thank God, the Lord of the Worlds, this research deals with graphic minutes in light of the miracle of the Quran in terms of pronunciation. It studying similar buildings in the Holy Quran in terms of the meaning of the building through the different buildings of words, the buildings of actions and buildings between nominal and actual. It deals with the graphic miracles of pronunciation in the Holy Quran in terms of the art of the Quranic context, the colors of statement and creativity, including analogy, the art of metaphor, and the method, and addressing the statistical and graphic proportionality of the word and the meaning in terms of statistical proportionality and graphic proportionality.

رسالة في إدغام المتقاربين الإمام محمد الراضي بن عبد الرحمن بن عيسى السوسي (ت: 1113ه).دراسة وتحقيق

فارس علي صالح — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 11:06:32 +0000

Abstract

The analysis of the quranic verses is among the most significant studies.Because it has to do with how the world of God is interpreted scholars discuss it a lot.Defining it precisely and disclosing the techniques of devotion. My enthusiasm and interest in the great quranic graphic lesson were greatly influenced by my dissertation research on quranic expressiveness.The prophet may God bless him and grant him peace said that "when a person dies, his deads case except for three on going charity, benficial knowledge, or a righteous son he prays for him in accordance with these words.In the hope that the effort will continue even after I am bureied and SAJID bin HAIF will be left feeling powerless and without a mediator I wanted to include the Arabic library lines from a topic in the quranic languageI am starting with the parts that dealt with faith, then what concerns the prophets, worship, transactions then punishments the universal things.I ask GOD almighty to make this humble effort of ours a blessing. Quranic Significance conjunction context

آيات اللعان في سورة النور دراسة وتحليل

خديجة بنت قليل بن سليمان — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 11:10:52 +0000

إن الحمد لله نحمده ونستعينه ونستغفره، ونعوذ بالله من شرور أنفسنا ومن سيئات أعمالنا، من يهده الله فلا مضل له، ومن يضلل فلا هادي له، وأشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له، وأشهد أن محمدًا عبده ورسوله، بلّغ الرسالة وأدّى الأمانة ونصح الأمة، وفتح الله على يده بهذا القرآن آذاناً صمّاً، وقلوباً غلفاً، وأعيناً عمياً أما بعد:فلقد ذكر الله عز وجل في كتابه الكريم وصايًا عظمى, وحكمًا بليغة وآدابًا عالية، واشتمل على تشريعات وأنظمة متعددة؛ الغرض منها جميعًا تنظيم حياة البشر في شؤونهم كلها, وصون الإنسان عن الزلل والخطأ, ومن ثم حماية الأسرة والمجتمع من الشرور والأخطار، واعتنى الإسلام الدين الشامل الكامل بالأسرة اعتناءً بالغًا فأحاطها بسياج منيع, ومنع الآخرين من التجاوز عليها أو مساسها بسوء، واهتم بأحكام الزوجية فنظم أحكام النكاح، وفصل مسائله، ما كان منها قبل الزواج كالخطبة والمهر والعقد، أو ما كان بعده كالعشرة الزوجية والنفقة والقوامة، أو ما كان طارئًا على عقد النكاح، مؤثرًا فيه، كالطلاق والظهار والإيلاء واللعان, وقد شرع الله تعالى في كتابه وعلى لسان نبيه – صلى الله عليه وسلم – أمر اللعان، الذي يصار إليه عند قذف الرجل زوجته بالزنا وعدم تمكنه من إقامة البينة على ذلك.ومن السور التي ظهر فيها هذا التشريع واضحًا جليًا وغيره من التشريعات سورة النور؛ فقد جاءت بجملة من التشريعات السماوية, والآداب الاجتماعية, والأخلاق التي إذا توفرت في المجتمع عمّت الفضيلة وانتشرت، وأصبح هذا المجتمع نقيًا عفيفًا منتجًا, خاليًا من الأمراض التي يمكن أن تقوض بنيانه وتسارع بسقوطه واضمحلاله.وهذه السورة فيها آيات معدودة ذكرت اللعان بين الزوجين، وبينت طريقته, وفي هذا البحث سأحاول تسليط الضوء على هذا التشريع من خلال دراسة هذه الآيات (6-10) دراسة تحليلية تفسيرية, فأسأل الله الحي القيوم التوفيق والسداد, وأن يجعل هذا العمل خالصًا لوجهه إنه ولي ذلك والقادر عليه.

الأقوال الاحتمالية عند الماورديّ من خلال تفسيره «النكت والعيون» أصولها وأثرها في التفسير(دراسة وصفية)

هبة الله بنت صادق بن سعيد — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 11:15:20 +0000

This research aims to explain the key resources from which Al-Mawardi derived the probabilistic sayings that he mentioned in his interpretation of An-Nokat wa Al-Uyun, and to clarify his approach in narrating and describing them, the extent to which these sayings are compatible with the established principles and rules of interpretation, and the impact of this large number of different sayings and their impact on interpretation and language.It became clear to the researcher that many of these sayings have significant source origins, such as the Qur’an, the Sunnah, or the sayings of the Prophet's Companions and their Followers; some of them have linguistic, grammatical, and morphological origin; some of them are attributed to major language authorities (imams), grammar schools, and others. Many of these sayings are based on consideration (ijtihad) and deduction, some of which Al-Mawardi attributed to himself, and some of which he attributed to others. The researcher recommends completing the study of Al-Mawardi’s doctrinal probabilities and some problematic probabilities, and studying his concept of deduction and his usage of it.key words probabilistic interpretation - Al-Mawardi and his sayings probability - the origins of probabilistic sayings - the impact of probabilistic sayings.

أثر حروف المعاني على فهم النص القرآني, الفاء الفصيحة دراسة في تفسير التحرير والتنوير لابن عاشور

وليد فياض حسن سعود — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 11:19:11 +0000

ABSTRACT

The conjunction letter fa’ in the language of the Arabs varied on different types, and each type had its significance in the context, so the origin of the action of the fa’ was the conjunction based on the order of the events in the sentence and its aftermath. Then the Interpreters and grammarians distinguished its types according to what their contexts require, until its meaning exceeded that conjunction letter is a follower that mediates between the follower and the followed one into types. So, the aim of the research was to clarify the characteristics of al-fa’ al-fa’asah (The formal fa’), as al-Zamakhshari declared its name, followed by Ibn Ashour, and added a synonym for it, which he called it: al-Tfri’iyya (Branching). The eloquent statement is based on the disclosure of an eloquent statement that is associated with its context exclusively, provided that the conjunction word is deleted even though it is a reason for the conjunction word, and it is an answer to a condition indicated by the speech. The speed of compliance in performing the event in an eloquent manner, as Ibn Ashour singled out the eloquence of the context with the fa’ and combining it with the surprise in the predetermined context. And he added, Fa’ al-Tarifa (Branching Fa’) is that it works to make something follow something because the later needs the previous one. : ( Faa A-Faseeha (The Standard "Faa") , Al-Tfree,a Branching, , Al-Atuf conjunction, The Surprise, The Context, The Context)

التشريك في أجر الصدقة مع الاشتراط، دراسة فقهية معاصرة.

إيمان بنت إبراهيم بن صالح — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 11:50:06 +0000

Research Summary:

The research dealt with the rule of sharing in the reward of charity with the stipulation, rooting for it, and its jurisprudential graduation Where he dealt with what is meant by sharing the reward of charity with the condition, then the ruling on participation in the reward of charity in general, whether for the dead, or the living, and whether it is known or unknown, and then between the jurisprudential adaptation of sharing the reward of charity with the condition, and its legal ruling.The research course methodology: inductive tracking and deduction Keywords: partnership, reward, reward of charity, condition, reward

اسباب اختلاف مدرستي الحديث والرأي : دراسة مقارنة

عادل خليل عزاوي — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 11:53:29 +0000

The authority distributed by Muslims in the Islamic religion is divided regarding the Noble Qur’an and the Noble Prophet’s Sunnah, which we derived and knew through the hadiths that were received, from our master Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and we often chose the words “people of hadith” and “people of opinion,” and finally I dealt with the study of the reasons between the two modern schools. And opinion, where I talked about both schools, and each school relied on the companions from whom its approach was derived. Then he mentioned the leaders of each of them, among the honorable scholars and companions. Then he mentioned some contemporary scientific issues, and things give us a useful idea about the reason for modern discoveries and opinion.

التابعي هشام بن عروة ومروياته في سنن الدارمي كتاب الطهارة أنموذجاً دراسة تحليلية

كهلان حسن علي — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 11:56:54 +0000

Abstract

Ana allah subhanah wataealaa qad hayaa alsunat alnabawiat rijal sadaquu ma taeahaduu allah ealayh fahafizuha, wakan lijuhudihim juhuduhum la yuhsaa hataa wasalna bisuratiha alati kanat ealaa eahd rasul allah (salaa allah ealayh wasalama) wamin baynihim aljalil hisham bn earwat bn alzubayr (rahimah allahu) ), fahu min aljil aladhin takharajuu min madrasat sayid almursalin (salaa allah ealayh wasalama). Fulabuda min 'an nahath wanusi kula talib ealim ealaa alkitabat alwadihat fi sayr salafina alsaalih wadirasat 'ahwalihim wamaerifatha, wahatha aljil ealaa alaiqtida' bihim khususan fi waqtina alhadithi, fi zili hadhih alhajmat almanhajiat alati turid alniyl minhum.

Key words: hisham bin eurwata, marwyat, sunan aldaarimi, kitab altaharati.

المسائل الأصولية المتعلقة بـ(الأمر المجرد، والعموم والاستثناء)، التي نقلها ابن حزم عن جميع أهل الظاهر جمعاً ودراسة

بندر بن مضحي بن عيد — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 12:00:17 +0000

This research discusses the fundamental issues related to the unspecified command, generality and exception, which Ibn Hazm has transmitted from all the Zahirites, with an explanation of their connection to the deductive approach of Zahirites, and identifying their impact on the Zahirite Fiqh. Identifying the unanimously agreed-upon issues has distinguished the Zahirite school from other schools, and disapproved those who attribute any statement to them other than their unanimous statement. By considering the essence of fundamental issue from the perspective of the Zahirites approach, identifying their course in acting upon the literal sense of texts, and identifying the impact of the issue on Fiqh, we can understand their applied approach to acting upon the outward meaning of expressions.I adopted an inductive and analytical approach in which I focused on identifying the Zahirites approach in deductive reasoning, by studying and analyzing the issues upon which they agreed, which are as follows:The unspecified command necessitates obligation, the word signifies generality unless context indicates specification, the direct conviction of its generality is obligatory, and excluding the most is permissible.

Among the most important recommendations of this research is to collect, study and analyze the issues agreed-upon in the Islamic Fiqh schools.Keywords: Fundamentals - Ibn Hazm - Zahirites - Impact.

الإمام حُميد الدين الضرير الحنفي (ت666ه) وآراؤه الفقهية في الصلاة والصيام والزكاة مقارنة بأقوال المذهب الأخرى

وليد رشيد محمد — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 12:03:35 +0000

Abstra

The research is (Al_emam Humeid al_deen al_dhareer (dead in A.H.) wa araahu al-fiqhia fi altahara wa alqiraah wa alsiam muqaranah bi aqual almathhab al aukhrah)I chose him; This is to introduce this jurist, to show his scientific status, and to present his views to scholars in comparison with the sayings of other scholars of the sect, and to clarify the most correct ones. The research was divided into four sections:The second: His jurisprudential views on prayer, and it includes reading in prayer in Persian, and the supererogatory if he started standing, then sat without an excuse, and appointing the imam when he was confined to reading.The third: His jurisprudential views on fasting, and it includes the ruling on fasting silence, and making up the fast for the insane who woke up after the zenith on the last day of Ramadhan.Fourth: His jurisprudential views on zakat, and it includes zakat al-fitr for the slave sold on condition of choice, and the trick is to get the nisab of zakat out of his possession; to prevent the obligation of zakat.

أنماط التَغاير في الرَّوض المُريع في صناعة البديع لأبن البَناء المراكشي العددي ت (721ه)

شامل عبيد درع — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 12:06:21 +0000

Abstract :

Rhetorical arts, the spirit of the literary text, are plagued by other perceptions that must be taken into consideration by studying them accurately according to a scientific conception. This research, which examines a form of rhetorical creativity, was by dealing with (heterogeneity) as a scientific term mentioned by the first rhetoricians in those graphic and creative arts alike. . Then the idea was limited to the book (Al-Rawd Al-Mari’ fi Sina Al-Badi’) by Al-Marrakshi, one of these distinguished scholars, to discover the secrets of these arts and the amazement of their use.Keywords: (the terrible kindergarten, patterns, heterogeneity, Marrakashi, statement, wonderful).

برهان سيدنا محمد أقوى براهين ألرسل من خلال فتوى الإمام ألرملي دراسة تأصيلية

أحمد حسين موسى — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 12:09:11 +0000

This research is a study of a suspicion among the Jews and Christians about the miracles of the Messenger of God, with their claim that the miracles of the prophets were stronger in evidence, such as reviving the dead and other miracles of the other prophets. As for Muhammad, he came with different words in which conflict and disagreement arose. Al-Ramli confronted this suspicion and answered them that there is no prophet. God gave him a miracle, but he gave the Messenger of God something like it and more, and he gave him an eternal miracle, which is the Qur’an, in a time when eloquence was the highest level of progress, so he addressed them in a genre in which they excelled, even though he was illiterate, so he incapacitated them and challenged them, so my study was about collecting and rooting Al-Ramli’s sayings with evidence Keywords: proof, miracle, messenger, prophet, al-Ramli.

أثر اختلاف واقع المدعوين في الدعوة إلى الله تعالى

علي سالم احمد سالم — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 12:12:26 +0000

Abstract

The Islamic call - through its reformist vision - considered calling to God Almighty a social duty, and fulfilling this duty is following in the footsteps of the prophets - may blessings and peace be upon them. Advising people is one of the rituals of faith that distinguishes the people of truth from the prophets, messengers and their followers, as it was their mission. Enjoining good, such as establishing monotheism and worshiping God, establishing justice, and adhering to virtuous morals, and forbidding evil, such as polytheism, disobedience, injustice, and corruption on earth.

One of the most important problems that the Islamic call suffers from today is the weakness of the capabilities of some preachers, and this requires addressing this weakness, by strengthening the preaching performance and overcoming the difficulties in the preaching process. This can only be achieved by knowing the circumstances of those called upon, studying them carefully and extensively, and transforming them into methods. It suits everyone who is called upon to call to God Almighty, and avoids everything that might hinder the work of the call. Because it is one of the reasons for increasing the gap between the preacher and the one being called, and thus the decline of the advocacy work backwards.

Hence the importance of this research, which sheds light on the impact of the different reality of those invited, its legitimacy, and the types of images of the reality of those invited.

رسالة في بيان طواف البيت ولو بعد الهدم لعلي القارئ(دراسة وتحقيق)

طه احمد صالح — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 12:44:41 +0000

الحمد لله رب العالمين"، تسبح له جميع المخلوقات، وصوت الملائكة في السماء مسموع"، غير معطل لصفاته"، والكل في حضرته خضوع"، الرزق بيده تسعى الخلائق اليه"، فالمؤمن بنصيبه راض غير هلوع"، والكافر ليس له طعام الا من ضريع"، لا يسمن ولا يغني من جوع"، ميز الايمان عن الكفر وجعل ذلك في القلوب مطبوع"، واصلي واسلم على سيدنا محمد غفر ذنبه"، وشرح صدره، مرتل اسمه"، وذكره في السماء مرفوع"، صلى الله عليه وعلى اله وصحبه الى يوم كل الخلائق فيه رجوع، وسلم تسليما كثيرا.وبعد:"فمن المعلوم ان اشرف العلوم بعد القران وسنة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم هو الفقه،وهو كما امامنا الشافعي:

تَنْبِيهَاتٌ اَلسِّغْنَاقِي ( ت _ 714 ه ) فِي كِتَابِهِ اَلْمُوصِلَ فِي شَرْحِ اَلْمَفْصِلِ

أمنية احمد خلف علي — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 13:35:36 +0000

after the warning is a question of validityin the eyes of the commentator in relation to the previous issues because it is a suspicion in attention or back of attention so the author resorted to the simile for fear that vonne is something important to the reader and he feels that he needs to stop him to her so he alerts him with the word alert or warningsWarnings this urge constitutes a step in studying how it is directed Alerts froma prominent figure of Arab growth in musola .. who added and exalted wha is known with new grammatical toches and noble souls inorder to be a helper and attentive to the clashes of opinions and schools of thought.. so he sought to find out the secrets of wisdom in the streams of revelation in the Arabic language in tending to delve into the depths of these issues to come up with results as close us possible to the truthQumyaut the purpose of our study of this topic is to acton Al sanaqi and nighlight his method in presenting this beautiful subtleties if his warnings are awhim presented by scholars and it is the need for a study that reveals their hidden meaning and he corrects its short comings Al -- sighinaqi -- Almawssul -- Almufassal

التقارب في التصوير وأثره في تقبل النص الشعري

عدنان مشعل رشيد فارس — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 13:39:23 +0000

Research Summary:

The ancient critics and rhetoricians were concerned with the poetic image, established it, and established its roots until it became established in ancient Arabic criticism. It became a term that cast its shadow on the poetic text through reading, analyzing the beauties, and touching upon the positive and negative aspects of the text through means of image or depiction, such as simile, metaphor, metonymy, and metaphor. The greatest role was for simile. Which received the attention of critics, then the metaphor in the second degree, and the criticism presented in this regard is mostly subject to one or two poetic lines without looking at the entire poem or looking at its author and the circumstances of its text.Keywords: image, photography, becoming, craftsmanship, acceptance, disapproval

نقــود مدينــة المتــوكلــية (247هـ/ 861 م )

صلاح هاتف حاتم — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 13:43:21 +0000

الملخص

يبدو تاريخ مدينة المتوكلية (247هـ/ 861 م ) التي اغتيل فيها الخليفة المؤسس ابي جعفر المتوكل (247-206هـ / 822- 861 م)[i] ، ضُربت المسكوكات في المدينة سنة واحدة (247هـ/ 861 م ) جميعها حملت اسم المتوكل ووريثه المعتز وبعد اغتيال الخليفة انقطع السك فيها الى الابد .

درس البحث مجموعة من نقود المتوكلية المحفوظة في المتحف العراقي اضافة الى تتبعنا لنقود مدينة المتوكلية المنشورة، وما ظهر منها في متاحف ومزادات عالمية للوقوف على الاحداث التاريخية التي وثقتها تلك النقود . كلمات مفتاحية: المتوكل/ مدينة المتوكلية/ نقود /سامراء/ الدنانير الذهبية /الدراهم الفضية/ المعتز /المنتصر الرموز: ص صفحة / ج جزء / ت تاريخ / م ميلادي / ه هجري

[i] - المسعودي ، ابو الحسن علي : التنبيه والاشراف , بيروت 1989 , ص 212 .

جورج مارشال ودوره العسكري والسياسي في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية حتى عام 1951م

علاء حسين كاظم — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 13:52:29 +0000

Abstracts:

George Marshall was an American army officer and statesman who rose to the US army to become the chief of staff of the US Army during the era of Presidents Franklin de Roosevelt and Harry S Truman, then served as Foreign Minister and Defense Minister during the Truman era. Winston Churchill praised Marshal and described him as a "victory organizer" for his leadership of the victory of the Allies in World War II. After the war, he spent a frustrating year trying to avoid the imminent Chinese civil war. As Minister of Foreign Affairs, Marshall called for the United States' economically and politically commitment to European after -war recovery, including the Marshall plan that carried his name. In appreciation of this work, he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953, the only general in the army who received this honor.Keywords: George Marshall, the

امارة شرق الاردن بين تثبيت الحدود والمشاريع الوحدوية 1921-1958م

محمد احمد إبراهيم — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 13:59:28 +0000

Abstract

The area of East Jordan is considered vital due to its distinctive geographical location, which has endowed it with significance. Its establishment became an urgent necessity to protect the interests of British colonialism and to serve as a link between its possessions in Iraq, Palestine, and Egypt, as well as to access the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Simultaneously, its formation aimed to protect the borders of the Zionist entity. These policies delineated artificial borders for the Emirate, despite continuous efforts to unify with neighboring countries, especially Iraq, to converge the Hashemite thrones. However, all attempts failed due to various reasons, including the opposition of colonial powers insisting on the fragmentation of Arab states. Moreover, the stance of Arab countries towards unity was fluctuating, as deduced by the researcher in the folds of the study.

التلوث الضوضائي في مدينة الرميثة

اثمار عباس كريم — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 14:15:11 +0000

Noise pollution is one of the problems of the modern and contemporary era as a result of scientific development and progress, which has been reflected in the use of machines in various fields, which has cost the environment many pollution problems, including noise pollution, which poses a danger to humans and the environment with all the organisms it contains because of its significant impact on human health. Especially the psychological ones, and the city of Rumaitha is one of the cities that suffered and suffers from noise pollution due to the lack of awareness of many users of industrial machines and car and motorcycle drivers of the laws and regulations that determine the optimal use of these machines, the application of which has become almost forgotten except rarely. We see that blacksmithing and carpentry workshops have spread among residential neighborhoods, public markets, hospitals, and schools, as well as street vendors and vehicle owners, whose numbers have increased

تصور مقترح لتوظيف تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي في التعليم المستمر

نورة سعد العريفي — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 14:18:06 +0000

Abstract

The study aimed to propose a conceptual framework for the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in continuous education. Given the current era's rapid technological changes, it is essential to keep up with these advancements. This necessitates gaining at least a partial understanding of these applications and technologies and identifying the needs of stakeholders in continuous education, including trainers and learners. The researcher employed a descriptive-analytical approach and identified several necessary and essential requirements for effectively employing Artificial Intelligence applications in continuous education. The most prominent of these requirements include the need to provide training for trainers in using Artificial Intelligence applications, followed by training for learners in using these applications and ensuring their continued use and application in the context of continuous education. Additionally, it is crucial for facilities to be equipped and prepared with modern technological resources, enabling trainers to effectively employ these applications and deliver benefits to learners.

فاعليـة إستراتيجيـة توليد الأسئلة في التحصيل لدى طالبات الصف الخامس الأحيائي في مادة التربية الإسلامية

انعام كامل عداي — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 14:21:21 +0000

Abstract

The current research aims to determine the effectiveness of the question generation strategy in the achievement of fifth-grade biology students. To achieve this research, the researcher developed the null hypothesis that was subjected to experimentation, and an experimental design with two equal groups was used. The school for the research sample was chosen, which is Zarqa Al-Yamamah Preparatory School for Girls, and the subjects of the experiment were determined by random drawing, so Section (A) was chosen to represent the control group that studied according to the method. Regular group and section (C) to represent the experimental group that was studied according to the question generation strategy. The two research groups were equal in the variable (age in months, academic achievement for the past year in the subject of Islamic education, and the level of academic achievement of the parents). I specified The researcher included the scientific material that would be taught and included two units of Islamic education (the first and second) for the fifth grade in biology. The researcher prepared (47) behavioral objectives as well as teaching plans and were presented to a group of experts and arbitrators to take their opinions and amend them according to their recommendations for both research groups. As for the research tool, it was It is an achievement test prepared by the researcher, consisting of (30) multiple-choice items characterized by objectivity and comprehensiveness. Its items were agreed upon by experts. Its items were analyzed using the difficulty factor, the discriminating power of the item, and the effectiveness of incorrect alternatives. The experiment lasted a semester, and the researcher herself studied the two research groups.After completing the experiment, the researcher conducted the test for the female students of the two research groups, and the female students’ answers were corrected and the results were processed statistically using t-selection for two independent samples. It was concluded that there was a statistically significant difference between the two research groups at the significance level (1-9-0) in favor of the experimental group. Impact of the results: The researcher concluded that the question generation strategy had a positive impact on the female students of the experimental group. The researcher recommended preparation and training centers to train teachers to use modern strategies, and the researcher suggested preparing research and studies similar to the current study, but in different stages and materials.

فاعلية استراتيجية دورة التعلم السباعية المعدلة (7E's) في اكتساب المفاهيم النحوية لدى طالبات المرحلة المتوسطة في قواعد اللغة العربية

دعاء عباس عوده كاظم — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 14:29:31 +0000

The effectiveness of the modified seven-cycle learning strategy (7E's) in acquiring grammatical concepts among middle school students in Arabic grammar.SummaryThe current research seeks to identify the effectiveness of the modified seven-year learning cycle strategy (7E's) in acquiring grammatical concepts among middle school students in Arabic grammar. In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher adopted the semi-experimental approach through two experimental groups receiving teaching according to the modified seven-year learning cycle. A control group receives teaching according to the traditional method. The researcher was keen to establish equivalencies between both groups before conducting the experiment, as well as constructing a test to measure grammatical concepts. After applying the study, the research concluded:

The modified seven-stage learning role strategy is effective in acquiring grammatical concepts among middle school students in the Arabic language subject.
There is a clear superiority for members of the experimental group over members of the control group in the posttest of grammatical concepts for the Arabic language subject.

النقد الاجتماعي في فكر مالك بن نبي

زينب خالد محمد — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 14:33:31 +0000

Abstract

The research aims to clarify Bennabi’s criticism of some issues in Islamic society, and their causes and treatment, such as the problem of culture, and he introduced the concept of susceptibility to colonization, and presented its causes. The research found the reason for proposing this concept, and knowing the roots of the cultural crisis, and was done using a text analysis approach Keywords: criticism, social criticism, thought

psychological adaptation with for education girls College students

نبراس مجبل صالح — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 14:36:52 +0000

Abstract

The current research aimed to identify the level of psychological adaptation among students of the College of Education for Girls according to the variables of age and specialization. The research sample was limited to (116) female students who were chosen by random stratified method, with (10) female second-year students, in each of the majors (Qur’anic sciences and Islamic education, Arabic language, history, English language, kindergarten, and special education), and (6 ) Female students majoring in (Sharia), and (10) female fourth-year students in all majors.The researcher adopted the scale (Farhat and Hamouda, 2017), prepared by (Hugh M. Bell, 1934), which consists of (47) items, measuring three dimensions: psychological, social, and school. Each item has (3) alternatives for the answer, which are (I agree, neutral). , I do not agree), from which the respondent chooses the alternative that he agrees with, it is given when correcting (2, 1, 0) respectively, and its apparent validity and reliability were verified by applying Cronbach’s alpha equation. Hence, its reliability coefficient was (0.89). The researcher applied it to her research sample collectively.The results showed a statistically significant difference according to the variables of age and specialization among female students on the psychological adjustment scale. The researcher concluded that there is an effect of the age variable on the level of adaptation, in favor of fourth-grade female students, and there is an effect of the specialization variable, in favor of the Sharia specialization. In light of the results reached by the researcher, she recommended that university activities and programs include activities that lead to increasing the level of psychological adaptation among female university students, thus qualifying them to complete their academic and professional careers.

She suggested conducting a study investigating the relationship between psychological adaptation and parental treatment styles.Word keys: psychological adaptation, students, College of Education for Girls

الحوار الأسري وعلاقته بحل المشكلات لدى المرشدين التربويين

اريج حازم مهدي — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 16:36:36 +0000

Summary.

This study aims to identify family dialogue and its relation to problem solving among educational counselors . The researcher used the descriptive approach and the Sample was Selected From The original Community Randomly consisting of (400) male and Female Counselors from the education directorates in alkarkh / Baghdad . The Researcher applied the family dialogue scale and problem – solvin one preparing by her consisting of (26) paragraphs with triple alternatives and psychometric properties were developed for them ،and the problem solving scale was prepared by the researcher consisting of (24) paragraphs . To achieve the objectives of this study and after processing the data statistically ، the results showed that educational counselors have the ability to manage family dialogue with high degree and the ability to solve problems and that is correlation between family dialogue and problem solving ، that is ،the more they enjoy managing good dialogue ، the fewer problems they have . In the light of these results ، the researcher recommended educational recommendations and proposals .key: Domestic dialogue, problems solving

حماية الاسم التجاري وفق القانون التجاري العراقي

عبد الرحمن إبراهيم علي — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 16:44:25 +0000

Abstract

Arab legislation in general has touched on the trade name asو business from another, and merchants can put his full name, surname, or any designation. Another suitable trade name. Legislation in general has regulated the subject of the trade name and has set texts to protect it because it helps in commercial progress and economic growth and facilitates procedures. The law has required the merchant to adopt a trade name and register it in order to gain the necessary protection. The trade name is considered one of the intangible elements of the business, and it may be The trade name is the civil name of the shop owner, and it may be his surname, and the name may be derived from the name and fame that characterizes the shop owner. Legislations differed among themselves in what they mentioned regarding the trade name. There are some legislations that have defined it, and there are those that have left the matter of definition to legal jurisprudence, and there are those that have defined it for it. Criminal and civil controls and protection.

Keywords: trade name, legislation, Iraqi commercial, legal protection.

تجزئة الاسهم في سوق الاوراق المالية – دراسة مقارنة –

غالب عبد حسين — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 16:49:06 +0000

summary

The stock split process of companies listed on the stock markets is considered one of the important events in the life of companies, as well as at the level of trading in the stock market. This study aims to explain the concept of the stock split process for companies listed on the market, and the extent of its impact on the market value of the company’s shares, and the degree of their liquidity. On the basis of ownership, the rules that regulate this event, the procedures followed to complete it, and the effects that result from the partition process, we have chosen to compare Iraqi legislation and Syrian legislation. We have concluded that the stock split process leads to an increase in the degree of liquidity of the shares, attracting new categories of investors, especially small investors, and that this event enhances the efficiency of the market. We also concluded that the process of stock split may be under the guidance of corporate financial market authorities, or at the request of companies whose nominal value of shares is high in the market. We also concluded that the Iraqi legislator did not regulate this process and we made several recommendations in order to approve and regulate it.

Keywords: stock split, Joint stock companies, stocks

النظام القانوني للترقية الإدارية -دراسة تحليلية مقارنة-

أسماء نوري إبراهيم — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 16:52:03 +0000

Abstract:

The employee needs from time to time what motivates him to continue productivity and continuous work. Perhaps the most important aspiration of the employee is to appreciate the competence of the employer. through legal channels that expand its powers to submit more and increase its administrative responsibilities, Of course, this is due to the material and moral benefit as well as the benefit of the administrative organ in general and the dealers with the administrative organ as well which increases the chances of achieving State-led management strategies, Moral and material incentives such as salaries, compensation and emoluments are of great importance to the staff member and are legally established rights of the staff member. But the State always aims to develop and progress taking into account the situation of its employees during their careers and giving them doses, More than promotion from grade to grade above or grade to grade above.Keywords: Promotion, General Service, General Officer, General Officer's Rights, Importance of Promotion, Importance of Promotion to Administrative Organ, Importance of Promotion to General Staff.

المواجهة القانونية لظاهرة العنف ضد المرأة في العراق

علي حمود الهرموش — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 16:54:55 +0000

Summary

The phenomenon of violence against women is one of the global phenomena that all human societies have known to varying degrees and in different forms in terms of the extent of violence, its intensity and its causes, as well as the historical conditions and stages that societies go through. This means that this phenomenon is not a phenomenon that is specific to a specific society and not another. In Iraq, Known as a history of bloody violence, the phenomenon of violence against women cannot be understood in isolation from the social causes and historical paths that created this phenomenon in social existence. The violent events that occurred after April 9, 2003 revealed the existence of a structural crisis that Iraqi society is experiencing, and some may find that its causes are related to the diversity of Iraqi society and the multiplicity of its ethnic, religious, and sectarian origins, which necessarily result in conflicts, isolation into oneself, and rejection of others, and then the spread of An intolerant view among diverse groups leads to social discord and political instability, while others find it a result of political exploitation of the diversity of power and political actors. Violence against women is a behavior or action based on force, severity, and coercion, and is characterized by varying degrees of discrimination, persecution, subjugation, and aggression, resulting from... Unequal power relations between men and women in society take

التجريم المستحدث للفساد الإداري

شيماء ابراهيم طه — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 17:00:51 +0000

Abstract

Administrative and financial corruption crimes are one of the most dangerous crimes for society, because they undermine the principles of democracy for institutions, and the foundations of the legal state, and lead to the waste and theft of public money and state resources, and corruption has a high social, economic and political cost, as it works to hinder the process of economic development and hinders the prosperity of peoples, which necessarily dictates that its prevention is a necessity and an urgent public interest, as well as any acts that violate laws and the principles of sound administrative work aimed at influencing the public administration or its decisions, with the aim of direct benefit.Or indirect from the job and lack of affiliation and responsibility towards public work, and to prohibit these acts, the international community resorted to concluding conventions criminalizing the forms and forms of corruption created for the crime of concealing or keeping property, the crime of laundering proceeds, the crime of obstructing the course of justice, and the application of criminal procedures against the perpetrators. Keywords: Criminalization, creation, concealment, laundering of proceeds, obstruction of justice

المبادرة التشريعية

نغم فاضل عزيز — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 17:08:02 +0000

Summary

The importance of our research lies in the fact that it shows the subject of legislative jurisdiction and who is the competent authority to propose draft laws and the problems arising from that about the violation of the principle of separation of powers and what are the most prominent restrictions on the executive and legislative authorities in this area in addition to the role of the constitutional judiciary in sending the requirements of the legal state and what increases the importance of the study is not limited to the theoretical side, but that the study has a practical applied aspect represented in focusing on the decisions issued by the Federal Supreme Court and analyzedkey words : The legislative initiative and the authority responsible for the legislative initiative

التنظيم الدولي للطائرات المسيرة

حسن هادي عبد الحمزة — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 17:11:38 +0000

Summary

It is clear that the development of law in its various branches is the result of developments taking place in societies at all levels, including the technological level, especially drones and their uses in various areas of civil and military life at the present time, and thus forced those concerned with the law to discuss the legal foundations for their use and the conditions for that use or their legality, as It had no significant impact on the lives and freedoms of people, whether they were employed or harmed, especially after the events of December 11, 2001, which changed many of the principles of international law, including the principle of sovereignty, the right to legitimate defense outside the borders of the state, and the use of force with the approval of the state that owns the territory

جودة الرعاية الصحية للشباب وفق معايير منظمة الصحة العالمية(WHO) دراسة استطلاعية لآراء عينة من القيادات الإدارية في مستشفيات مدينة الطب في بغداد

رياض شحاذة حسين شحاذة — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 17:14:48 +0000

Abstract

The research seeks to verify the extent of the surveyed hospitals’ commitment to the requirements of quality health care for youth in accordance with international standards. The current research adopted the descriptive and analytical approach to describe the standards of international health care quality for the youth group. The questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data, and the number of forms suitable for analysis was (35) forms. The research concluded There are a number of results, the most important of which is that the surveyed hospitals did not adhere to all international health care quality standards for youth, with the relative importance of the implemented standards varying.Keywords: Global health service quality standards for youth, Medical City Hospitals / Baghdad

اثر نموذج درايفر في تحصيل تلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية بمادة التربية الفنية

جلال عبد لفته حسن — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 17:19:52 +0000

Research Summary

Modern education focused on the sum of cultural, artistic, social, sports and other experiences, to help students develop comprehensively in all respects, and to translate its contents into behavioral patterns in accordance with educational goals. The subject of art education, as is clear from the term, is affected by the science and principles of education on the one hand, and the concept of art and its history on the other hand. Therefore, it includes everything we know about the origins of upbringing. Art education, in addition to its great role in developing the pupil's senses and perceptions, develops his ability to imagine, create, innovate, and impartial taste, which leads to the development of the pupil's manual skills. Isn't the arts one of the most prominent aspects that characterize modern education at the present time?To achieve the aim of the study, the researchers put forward the following hypotheses:

- There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of achievement in the post-test between the experimental group that studied according to Driver's model and the control group that studied according to the usual method.

التباين المكاني للتلوث الضوضائي في مدينة بغداد لمحطات جانب الرصافة

زهرة عباس فاضل — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 17:27:23 +0000

Abstract

Studying noise pollution is of great importance because of its impact on the lives of the city's residents , This research came to paint a picture of the current reality in the city regarding noise pollution By recording the readings of measuring stations in the streets and intersections of the city and comparing them to global health standards and national standards issued in accordance with the Iraqi Noise Control Law No. (41) of 2015, Through this image, the city suffers from noise pollution, which makes living in it, doing business, jobs, hobbies, thinking, creativity, rest, and sleeping in it difficult , According to the readings recorded by the stations installed in its streets and intersections, the city suffers from noise in a way that exceeds the applicable international and national standards, amounting to 65 decibels, while the lowest recorded by Al-Habibiyah station, Industry Street, is 72.2 decibels.

Keywords: noise, vehicle noise, train noise, intersections.

أثر استراتيجية (M.U.R.D.E.R) في تحصيل مادة اللغة العربية

رعد محمود ضاحي — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 17:31:08 +0000

Abstract

This study aimed to reveal the impact of the (M.U.R.D.E.R) strategy on the achievement of the Arabic language subject among middle school students, in addition to identifying the steps of the (M.U.R.D.E.R) strategy. Arabic for middle school students?”, The study started from the hypothesis that “there are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average test scores of students according to the strategy (M.U.R.D.E.R) and the usual method in the academic achievement test.” The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach as The appropriate curriculum for the study, and the study population consisted of middle school students at (Al-Durgham Secondary School for Boys) affiliated to Al-Karkh Second Education, and the study sample consisted of (46) students in the third intermediate stage, and the study reached several conclusions, the most important of which is the presence of statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average test scores of students according to (M.U.R.D.E.R) strategy and the regular method in the academic achievement test, and the difference is in favor of (M.U.R.D.E.R) strategy. It turned out that the lowest score in the (M.U.R.D.E.R) strategy was (78), while in the usual method, the lowest score was (69) for the student. It also turned out that the highest score in the (M.U.R.D.E.R) strategy was (97), while in the usual method, the highest score was obtained by the student (88).Keywords: (M.U.R.D.E.R) strategy, academic achievement, Arabic language subject

Vowel Lengthening in the Iraqi TV Programme My Family Wins: A Phono-Pragmatic Analysis

سعاد عبد الرحمن الطيف — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 17:34:37 +0000

Abstract

This study tackles the vowel lengthening in the Iraqi TV programme My Family Wins . Vowel length refers to the duration or length of a vowel sound in a spoken language. It can vary in duration, with some vowels being pronounced for a longer period of time than others. The problem of this study is that vowel length can lead to misunderstanding. It is phonemically contrastive, misinterpreting or mispronouncing. This study aims at presenting and analyzing some examples of vowel lengthening from the Iraqi TV programme My Family Wins and identifying the purpose of this device. Accordingly, it hypothesizes that this phenomenon can be a clue in understanding the meaning of the words and phrases or it can accomplish different functions. This study selects eighteen samples of words and phrases that had been used in the Iraqi programme My Family Wins to be analyzed phono-pragmatically. The model adopted for this study is Al-Jazary (1981). This study concludes that this device is not arbitrary , but it can perform intended and specific functions according to the situation ,such as exaggeration, exclamation, success, admiration, frustration, emphasis ,provocation or disagreement. It can be as evidence for the perception of speech and has a role in speech community because it is expressive.

Keywords: Vowel sound, length, function, speech style, duration

The Role of Women In Restoration Comedy: A Comparative Analysis of The Country Wife and The Rover.

حيدر ابراهيم خليل — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 20:12:38 +0000

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present the role of women in The Country Wife and The Rover. The main objective is to explore the role of women and their roles, their rights, their feeling, their opinions, their real life and perspective of their daily affaire. The researcher will employ the Feminisms theory to analyze the restoration comedy in the selected plays such as The Country Wife and The Dover. The researcher uses the historical and cultural impact of the restoration play. The analysis will show distinctive patterns of women in the restoration culture. The study highlights the ways in which William Wycherley and Amphora Behan identify their ideas. In conclusion, the research will contribute to boarder understanding of the Restoration drama to offer a comparative perspective to the role women. By examining soci--culture context. The discussion of this will contribute to valuable insight about social- norms, tradition, and belief in dramatic scenes.

"THE FIVE PEOPLE YOU MEET IN HEAVEN": POWER STRUGGLE IN FORMING FAMILY RELATIONS

دانيار جبار عبدالكريم — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 20:15:54 +0000

ABSTRACT

This study discusses the representation of power over others. The tools to control others, is to treat them like the capitalist treat their workers. This kind of notion is presented in the novel The Five People You Meet in Heaven by Mitch Albom. The power struggle better represented and defined by Marxism, therefore the representation in The Five People You Meet in Heaven is different from the relation between the classic capitalist and their workers. This study will take the Marxist representation to another level, and uses the family relation rather that the ruling class-working class ones in the novel, the father will be the ruling class who tries to use his power and authority over his wife and children whom considered as working class in this study.

Keywords: power, Mitch Albom, family relations, ruling class, working class, authority, neglect.

THE CONFLICTS IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S THE SCARLET LETTER

محمد رشيد احمد — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 20:19:07 +0000

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the myriad conflicts present in Nathaniel Hawthorne's iconic novel, "The Scarlet Letter." It delves into the internal and external conflicts faced by the central characters and the broader societal conflicts that shape the narrative. Through a deep analysis of these conflicts, this paper seeks to uncover the complex themes and moral dilemmas presented in the novel, shedding light on the human condition and the consequences of hidden transgressions. The approach used in this study is mostly content analysis while comparative and analytical methods have also been applied. This analysis seeks to explore the complexities of human existence, interwoven with the ever-present conflicts that define the human condition by presenting the conflicts related to cultural, puritanism, gender roles, character-centric internal and external conflicts, moral and ethical conflicts, and psychological conflicts. The gathered content is analysed and interpretations are drawn and concluded. The paper would surely be helpful in understanding the conflicts within the novel that serve as an enduring reflection of the timeless struggle between the individual and society's moral expectations.

The Concept of Eternity in a Variety of Three Different Poems

عصام محمد محمود — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 20:24:02 +0000

Abstract

The ultimate goal of most people is immortality, which is the subject of the current paper. The three authors who celebrate immortality in three separate poems—"The Epic of Gligamesh," "Lycidas" by Milton, and "In Memoriam" by Tennyson—are the subjects of this dissertation. The poets, who have lost three close friends—Enkidu, Edward King, and Henry Hallam—try to achieve immortality in these poems. They look into the meaning of life and try to find a resort for their friends and themselves as a result of this tragedy. The fear of death that drives the three poets to construct their own world in which they accomplish numerous good actions to ensure their own and their companions' immortality is expressed.Keywords: English literature, Poetry, Gligamesh, EternityII

Problems of legal translation

عبير عادل محي — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 20:29:22 +0000

Abstract:

This paper is devoted to show the difficulties that translators face with legal translation. It aims to achieve final results about solution of this crisis. Also, the researcher will state the reason of this problem with mention to types of legal translation. Furthermore, the paper contains a lot of examples and legal terms which discover the natural of that problem. The translators seek to solve differences between languages (source language and target language); this paves the way to belong to the culture of these countries.Keywords: legal translation, contract, property documents, source language, target language

Gain-framed and Loss-framed Messages in Surah Ar-Ra’d : A Pragma-stylistic Study

خولة شكر محمود — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 20:33:46 +0000

Abstract
Framing messages in terms of either gains or losses plays very instrumental role in persuading others . Since the holy Quran was revealed to preach people and teach them the principles of Islam, both types of appeals are effective in Islamic Da’wah . The present study aims at exploring gained-framed and loss-framed appeals in Surah Ar-Ra’d from pragmastylistic perspective. It adopts O’Keefe (2009 ) and Leech and Short (2007) as models for analysis. Data Analysis shows that loss-framed appeals are more prevalent as they occupy (25.58%) of the verses whereas the gain-framed appeals score (16.30% ) and the percentage of the mixed appeals (verses that contain both types of appeals) is (13.93 %). Verses that do not belong to any of these three categories score (44.19%). From stylistic perspective, the most common figures of speech are antithesis, metaphor, rhetorical question and repetition.
Keywords: Gain-framed message, Loss-Framed message, Pragmatics, Pragmastylistics

Investigating English Language Learning Habits and Preferences of Iraqi EFL University Students

فاطمه جمال القريشي حيدر عبدالحسن حمزة نوره عدنان توفيق — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract

Investigating English language learning habits and preferences of Iraqi EFL university students is a study that tries to explore and answer whether Iraqi EFL students have any habits toward improving their English language learning, and if there are any significant differences in language learning habits among Iraqi EFL students according to their gender. The dominant exploration for this trend has increased since habit formation and tracking habits are very trendy among people nowadays. Previous studies have primarily relied on how to employ behavioral psychology principles in methods of teaching English language. By investigating the habits of Iraqi EFL university students, we can have a deep exploration of the students' preferences. The data was collected from Iraqi EFL at the Department of English Language, University of Diyala through a questionnaire made out of four main themes; each one consists of five items. The results are analyzed through descriptive statistics of the data through SPSS 26 software program. According to the findings, the researchers recommend some ideas for each theme of the study. Key Words: Habits, English, language, and learning.

DIVERSITY IN LITERATURE BETWEEN AMERICAN LITERATURE AND BRITISH LITERATURE

حاتم سعدون محسن — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 20:42:29 +0000

ABSTRACT:

To approach a work of literature can be done in different ways. This article investigates not only the concept of diversity in American and British literature while examining how the two traditions have addressed issues of race, gender, ethnicity and class but also explores the rich tapestry of diversity in American and British literature that examines how the historical, cultural, and societal contexts of each region have shaped the representation of diversity in their literary traditions. It delves into the distinctive voices, themes, and narratives that have emerged from these two literary traditions, shedding light on the ways in which each has grappled with issues of identity, race, class, and more. Through an interdisciplinary approach, it aims to analyze the representation of diverse voices and perspectives in both American and British literary traditions. The method used in this study is mostly comparative analysis while interpretive methods have also been applied in order to understand diversity by dwelling on Historical Context, Diverse Voices in American as well as British Literature, Themes of Diversity in both British and American Literature, Intersectionality and Identity, Prominent Literary Figures, Social and Political Impact, Challenges and Controversies. These elements are juxtaposed and compared analytically to draw proper conclusions. This article is prominant since literature continues to evolve and these traditions will undoubtedly shape and be shaped by the ever-changing landscapes of cultural and social diversity, illuminating the complexities and possibilities inherent in the human story.Keywords: Diversity, Literature, British Literature

Comparative Analysis of Gender Equality Provisions in the Constitutions of India and Iraq: A Focus on Discrimination, Inheritance, and Political Representation

علي محمود يحيى — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 20:47:52 +0000

Abstract:
This research article delves into the constitutional provisions pertaining to gender equality in India and Iraq, offering a comprehensive comparative analysis. The study scrutinizes legal frameworks addressing critical facets of gender equality, including discrimination, inheritance laws, and the representation of women in political spheres. By examining the constitutional texts, amendments, and relevant case law, the research seeks to identify similarities, differences, and the efficacy of these provisions in addressing gender disparities. Insights gained from this analysis contribute to a nuanced understanding of the evolving landscape of gender equality in constitutional frameworks, with implications for policy, legislation, and societal progress in both nations.Keywords: Iraq, India, Constitution, Provisions, Legislation, Discrimination.

Class struggle in Park’s, Topdog/Underdog,

فرح عمار ياسين — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 20:53:04 +0000

Abstract

In Suzan-Lori Parks’ play Topdog/Underdog, the class struggle provides a good starting point for a discussion on the intricate relationship between Lincoln and Booth, two African brothers. This play is set in a dismal apartment and it looks into their lives, which concerns their struggle in poverty, survival, and, power quest. The mention of their names, Lincoln and Booth, gives clues to the historical background of the oppression and the inequalities that African Americans suffer in the United States. The play’s central feature makes us see the social strata issue and life of the minority in the most microscopic way through the way the brothers relate.Class struggle is one of the many complex aspects of the author as the brothers get engaged in conflict explores. In fact, Topdog/Underdog not only examines the conventional ideas of class conflict but also explores how systemic forces affect both personal decisions and familial bonds. In Park’s opinion, the race for survival and advancement may pit even the closest people against each other. Through the play, the limits of the social constraints are questioned and the possibility of freedom despite the very oppression is discussed Finally, this work also brings to the fore Suzan-Lori Parks' incredible narrating skill, which not only enthralls the viewers but also satire of the class struggle among African Americans. The play is built on the idea of linking the characters' experiences with the greater socio-economic context. This makes the viewers reflect on the lasting consequences of inequality and the pursuit of the American Dream in a system that favors a few privileged ones. The study will most likely lead to a much deeper understanding of the play's socio-political relevance and its continuing relevance in today's society.Key Words: Park, class struggle, African brothers, inequalities, American Dream.

Anxiety and Disorder in Postmodern Absurd Realist Novels: case study of The Pale King for David Foster Wallace

خطاب محمد احمد — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 20:55:53 +0000

Abstract

This study contends that Anxiety and Disorder have a significant role in elucidating the themes of the American novelist David Foster Wallace's work The Pale King. The study investigates the evolution of the concept of Anxiety and Disorder, which encompasses feelings of indifference, laziness, and lack of enthusiasm. It also examines two distinct forms of Boredom: personal Boredom and cultural Boredom. The Pale King explores the connection among boredom , Anxiety and Disorder, with a particular focus on boredom as one of the explicit themes. Subsequently, the study delves into an examination of Wallace's artistic and ethical perspective to illustrate how Anxiety and Disorder relates to Wallace's endeavour to shift away from the dominant irony of his predecessors in postmodernism, towards a commitment to genuine and heartfelt principles. Ultimately, the research uses Anxiety and Disorder as a framework to analyses The Pale King, asserting that Wallace's approach to addressing acedia is via attentiveness.Keywords : Postmodern, Anxiety and Disorder, Pale King

A Mirror to Nature: Realism and Reflection in the Works of David Hare

باسم خضير صبر — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 21:04:55 +0000

The study aimed to elucidate the role of realism and reflection in the works of David Hare, a celebrated playwright, exploring the extent to which his writings provide an authentic representation of contemporary societal issues and the human condition. The objectives are to analyze the narrative and dialogic elements in Hare's plays that contribute to realism and to understand how Hare's works act as a reflective medium for audiences, enabling introspection and societal critique. A qualitative analysis was employed, involving a close reading of selected works of Hare. Supplementary interviews were conducted with theatre critics, contemporaries, and scholars to gain a deeper understanding of his unique style and impact on modern theatre. Findings indicated that Hare's plays possess strong elements of realism, primarily in character development, narrative structure, and dialogues. They resonate with audiences because they authentically depict societal challenges, offering both a mirror to the world and a lens through which viewers can introspect. The research also highlighted how Hare's realism differed from, and yet was influenced by, other contemporaneous theatrical movements. David Hare's commitment to realism provides audiences with not just an aesthetic experience but also a moment of reflection. By offering authentic

A Linguistic Study of Persecution in the Language of the Iranian Newspapers After Mahsa Amini's Crisis

دنيا عماد طارق — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 21:08:04 +0000

The present study is devoted to the investigation of persecution in the language of the Iranian newspapers after Mahsa Amini’s crisis from the linguistic point of view. The objectives of the study is that it aims at identifying the pragmatic, semiotic and rhetorical devices that are utilised by the editors and which show their persecution of the protests. The study is qualitative in nature and it is based on an eclectic model that includes Barthes’s (1968) theory of semiotics, Leech’s (1969) theory of rhetorical devices and Grice’s (1975) theory of implicatures. Two reports from two Iranian newspapers, namely; the Kayhan international and the Tehran times, have been selected as samples of the current study, one report for each newspaper. After analysing the selected data, it has been found that the selected reports contain some forms of persecution which are expressed via different types of linguistic devices including; conversational implicature, denotative and connotative meanings, and rhetorical devices such as; metaphor, allegory, personification, symbolism and hyperbole. These linguistic devices have proved that the editors reject the protestors’ demonstrations and deny their freedom of asking for their demands publically. Thus, the editors’ language presents their persecution of the protestors and their rightful demands.

Analysis of emotional expressions in Arabic folk songs Omar Najem Abdullah

عمر نجم عبدالله — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 21:12:19 +0000

Abstract

Folklore songs in the Levant are considered part of the Arab culture in this region. This study aimed to analyze the emotional expressions in Arab folkloric song by studying a sample of folklore songs prevalent in the Levant, which numbered ten songs. The results of the analysis revealed that Arabic folklore songs are rich in emotional expressions, and are characterized by the diversity of these expressions in a single song, as they reflect multiple feelings with different meanings. The most common emotional expressions were love, confusion, and the desire to meet the beloved. This result confirms the richness of Arabic folk song with emotional expressions.

Key words: Emotional expressions – Folklore. songs.

Counter-Narratives and Identity: Exploring Resistance in Arab American Literature

مصطفى قاسم محمد — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 21:16:33 +0000

Abstract

In order to develop a more complex understanding of Arab identity, belonging, and displacement, this study investigates the function of counter-narratives in Arab diasporic literature. Specifically, it looks at how these narratives function as a kind of resistance against dominant Western discourses. This research highlights the literature's role to overcoming stereotypes, colonial narratives, and the reductive depiction of Arab realities via a detailed examination of influential works by Arab diasporic writers.

Key words: Arab American Literature, Counter-Narratives, Diasporic Identity, Cultural Resistance, Narrative Analysis

Echoes of War and Whispers of Resistance: The Lament of Iraq through Sinan Antoon's Literary Prism

رؤى طه يوسف — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 21:21:02 +0000

Abstract

This study delves into Sinan Antoon's literary exploration of the profound impacts of war, oppression, and displacement on the Iraqi psyche and society. Antoon, an eminent Iraqi-born author, employs his narrative prowess to weave tales that transcend mere storytelling, offering a poignant reflection on the enduring traumas and the flickers of resilience among the Iraqi people. Through an in-depth analysis of Antoon's selected novels, this paper seeks to uncover the layers of emotional, psychological, and social narratives that paint a vivid picture of Iraq's tumultuous journey post-2003. It examines the intricate ways in which Antoon's characters navigate their shattered realities, struggling for identity, belonging, and redemption in a landscape marred by conflict and loss. By scrutinizing the themes of trauma, exile, and resistance, this research underscores the power of literature in giving voice to the silenced and in challenging the narratives of despair with whispers of hope and resistance.Keywords: Iraqi Literature, War Trauma, Exile and Identity, Resistance and Resilience.

A Foucauldian Reading of Power Relations and Discourse in Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby

محمد عطا سلمان — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 21:30:05 +0000

Abstract

This research paper seeks to explore Foucault's concepts of power and related ideas within F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel, "The Great Gatsby". Foucault's power theory posits, that power is ever-present, existing within all social interactions. Power is intricately, woven into all social relationships. Additionally, discourse , is constructed by governing bodies, causing characters' identities to shift and lose autonomy. The transformation of truth, from a solid metaphysical reality, into a product of power dynamics is akin to a game. In "The Great Gatsby," the narrative revolves, around Jay Gatsby, an enigmatic young millionaire, and his intense affection for Daisy Buchanan, a captivating woman now married to another. The novel prominently highlights, the significance of discourse and power within society. Set in the vibrant Jazz Age,

The dramatic features in Abdulaziz Asir’s poetry (snatching the focus)

هاشم حميد حمودي — Fri, 26 Apr 2024 21:42:56 +0000

Abstract

Abdulaziz Asir is from Basra poet's known for his dramatic and evocative use of language. This paper explores the dramatic features of Asir's poetry, focusing on the use of snatching the focus. Snatching the focus is a technique that Asir uses to create suspense and excitement in his poems. He does this by using unexpected imagery, abrupt transitions, and startling shifts in tone. These techniques work together to create a sense of urgency and immediacy in Asir's poems.

Keywords : Abdulaziz Asir, drama, snatching the focus, suspense

المحاكاة الرقمية لفيضانات نهر الزاب الأعلى بين منطقتي اسكي كلك والكوير

سعد محمد جاسم — Sat, 04 May 2024 00:12:02 +0000

المستخلص

باتت الفيضانات هاجساً يهدد حياة السكان وانشطتهم على مر الازمان، لاسيما الأنهار التي تخلو من السدود، وان عملية التنبؤ بها والسيطرة عليها أضحت تكون مستحيلة، ولكن هذه العملية أصبحت بالمتناول لاسيما بعد التطور الذي شهدته الجغرافية الطبيعية بشكل خاص في مجال استخدام التقنيات المعاصرة والمتمثلة ببرمجيات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية مع تكاملها ببيانات الاستشعار عن بعد، التي أدت الى تقدير حجم الفيضان كما يمكن محاكاة هذه الفيضانات وتقدير المناسيب التي من الممكن ان تصله والى أي حد من الممكن ان تدمر من مستقرات بشرية وانشطة زراعية وصناعية. وركزت الدراسة على نهر الزاب الأعلى لكونه يعاني من عدم وجود سدود تقلل من خطر الفيضانات اولاً، وعلى درجات الانحدار الشديدة ثانياً، ومناخ المنطقة شبه الرطب ثالثاً، مما يقود الى ارتفاع المناسيب المائية بشكل كبير، لذا جاءت الدراسة لتحديد ومحاكاة هذه الفيضانات وفق مناسيب محددة اعتماداً على أداة Simulate Water-Level Rise/Flooding والمتوفرة في برنامج Global Mapper.v20 عن طريق الاعتماد على انموذج الارتفاع الرقمي DEM، وتوصل البحث الى تحديد ارتفاع منسوب المياه لعام 1988 والذي بلغ (7-8) امتار، ويغطي مساحة مائية سطحية (28.8)كم²، بمعنى ان النهر قد تضاعفت كمية مياهه بثلاث اضعاف، وفي عام 2019 بلغ (5-6) امتار، وبمساحة بلغت (19.8)كم²، اما عام 2008 فهي السنة الأكثر جفافاً للمياه وهي لا تشكل خطراً للفيضان، بمساحة بلغت (7.5)كم²، في حين عام 2013 كانت من السنوات القريبة من الاعتدال اذ بلغ ارتفاع المياه من (1-2) متر عن مستواه الحالي، وبمساحة بلغت (12.8)كم².

Wolfgang von Goethe und die Rolle der Frau Die Leiden des Jungen Werther als Beispiel

بهاء محمود علوان — Sun, 05 May 2024 18:11:58 +0000

Abstract

The study of the role of women in the life and work of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is a difficult and complex subject that requires thorough research and careful analysis. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is considered one of the most important writers and philosophers in German history, and women played a significant role in his life and work. This research was related to a novel (The Passion of Werther) which is considered one of the most important works of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. This novel reveal that women played an important and important role in the life of Charlotte, the main character of the novel. Charlotte was a strong and educated character and played a crucial role in the novel. In addition, women played an important role in influencing Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in his personal and professional life. Thus, it can be said that women played a central role in the life and work of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, both on a personal and professional level. The influence of women on literature and philosophy cannot be denied, and they are the main pillar in the construction of human civilization. Therefore, we must recognize the importance of the role of women in the life and work of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and appreciate her great contribution to his success and glory as one of the most important figures in the history of world literature. It is an effective partner and cornerstone for building civilization and advancing humanity.

Keywords: Johann Wolfkank von Goethe, Werther's Passions, the role of women, Goethe's works, comparative studies